Roots of a parabola

Quadratic formula calculator

Educational tool; results are estimates for learning, verify with your textbook or instructor.

A scientific calculator beside a notebook of algebra.
A scientific calculator beside handwritten algebra.

This tool solves $ax^2+bx+c=0$ for a nonzero $a$. You enter the three coefficients. It reports the discriminant $\Delta=b^2-4ac$ and the roots: two distinct real numbers, one repeated real number, or a complex conjugate pair.

The output is meaningful when the equation really is quadratic, so $a$ is not zero, and when you care about roots of that exact polynomial. Calculus still uses this algebra when a second degree piece appears in a critical point, a characteristic equation, or a separable model.

This is not a computer algebra system for general polynomials. It does not factor by grouping, it does not complete the square as a written lesson, and it does not graph the parabola. It applies the quadratic formula in floating point.

How to use the solver

Type $a$, $b$, and $c$ as ordinary numbers. The default $a=1$, $b=-3$, $c=2$ is $x^2-3x+2=0$, whose roots are $1$ and $2$. Press Solve and confirm you see those two numbers before you trust a messier triple.

There is no free text formula box. That is intentional. A quadratic is defined by three coefficients, and typing only those three keeps the claim honest.

How to read the output

Read the discriminant first. If $\Delta>0$, you get two distinct real roots. If $\Delta=0$, the parabola just touches the axis and the root is repeated. If $\Delta<0$, the real graph misses the axis, and the page writes a conjugate pair $r\pm si$.

The large line is the root list. The note under it names the sign of $\Delta$. If you are checking homework, compare both the roots and the discriminant, not only the final $x$ values.

Common pitfalls

If $a=0$, the equation is linear, not quadratic, and the tool refuses the run. Do not force a dummy $a$ to sneak a linear equation through the formula.

Floating point can nudge a tiny discriminant across zero. A $\Delta$ that should be exactly zero may print as a small positive or negative number, and the page will then report two close real roots or a tiny imaginary part. If the coefficients came from rounding, treat a hairline $\Delta$ with suspicion.

Large coefficients can lose digits when $b^2$ and $4ac$ nearly cancel. The classic quadratic formula is algebraically exact and still numerically fragile in that case. If roots look wild, rescale the equation or check by substituting the reported $x$ back into $ax^2+bx+c$.

Related reading

Quadratics sit under calculus foundations because limits, derivatives, and integrals still need fluent algebra. Continuity of a polynomial is recorded at continuity. Characteristic equations in linear algebra reuse the same discriminant idea: see the 2 by 2 eigenvalue calculator and eigenvalues in plain language.

A constant coefficient second order equation reuses that same discriminant. The second order differential equation calculator turns the roots into the three solution cases. Once those solutions are written, the Wronskian calculator tests linear independence, and the Laplace transform calculator inverts the transform of the same initial value problem. A course shaped path is the AP Calculus AB bridge. Nearby algebra inside calculus tools: numerical derivative calculator.

Disclaimer. Educational estimate only. This page is not a computer algebra system and not a proof. See the site disclaimer and the FAQ on calculators versus understanding.

Common questions

What does the discriminant tell me?

It is b squared minus 4ac. Its sign decides whether the roots are two distinct real numbers, one repeated real number, or a complex conjugate pair. Read that sign before you argue about the graph.

What if the roots are complex?

The page writes them as a real part plus or minus an imaginary part. The real graph of the quadratic then never crosses the axis. Complex roots still satisfy the equation as numbers.

Why does a equal to zero fail?

The quadratic formula divides by 2a. If a is zero you have a linear equation, and a different method applies. The refusal is the honest answer.

Are the roots exact?

They are the quadratic formula evaluated in floating point. For tidy school coefficients they usually match the exact roots. For huge or nearly cancelling coefficients, rounding can move the last digits.

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